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Compare Cook Islands (2005) - Niue (2002)
Compare Cook Islands (2005) z Niue (2002)
| Cook Islands (2005) | Niue (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle |
| Airports | 9 (2004 est.) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 240 sq km
land: 240 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Named after Captain COOK, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems. | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002) with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. |
| Birth rate | NA | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $28 million
expenditures: $27 million, including capital expenditures of $3.3 million (FY00/01 est.) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Avarua | Alofi |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by trade winds | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 120 km | 64 km |
| Constitution | 4 August 1965 | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cook Islands former: Harvey Islands |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
| Currency | - | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | NA | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $141 million (1996 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense, in consultation with the Cook Islands | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995) | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) |
| Economy - overview | Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth. | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 will be about $2.6 million. |
| Electricity - consumption | 25.11 million kWh (2002) | 2.79 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2002) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2002) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 27 million kWh (2002) | 3 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Te Manga 652 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Cook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook Island Maori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census) | Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000) | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Kurt MEYER (since July 2001), representative of New Zealand
head of government: Prime Minister Jim MARURAI (since 14 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Terepai MAOATE (since 9 August 2005) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI)30% |
| Exports | NA | $137,200 (1999) |
| Exports - commodities | copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Australia 34%, Japan 27%, New Zealand 25%, US 8% (2000) | NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 17%
industry: 7.8% services: 75.2% (2000 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 55% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 7.1% (2001 est.) | -0.3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 21 14 S, 159 46 W | 19 02 S, 169 52 W |
| Geography - note | the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles where most of the populace lives | one of world's largest coral islands |
| Highways | total: 320 km
paved: 33 km unpaved: 287 km (2000) |
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA | $2.38 million (1999) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000) | NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US |
| Independence | none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action) | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand |
| Industrial production growth rate | 1% (2002) | NA% |
| Industries | fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts | tourism, handicrafts, food processing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.2% (2000 est.) | 1% (1995) (1995) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, FAO, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFRCS, IOC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO | ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | High Court | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue |
| Labor force | 8,000 (1996) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56%
note: shortage of skilled labor (1995) |
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 17.39%
permanent crops: 13.04% other: 69.57% (2001) |
arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Maori | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English |
| Legal system | based on New Zealand law and English common law | English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 September 2004 (next to be held by 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CIP 10, DAP 9, Demo Tumu 4, independent 1; note - one seat undecided pending by-election note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence, but has no legislative powers |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,074 GRT/7,520 DWT
by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2005) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | no regular military forces; Ministry of Police and Disaster Management (2004) | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force |
| National holiday | Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965) | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun: Cook Islander(s)
adjective: Cook Islander |
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
| Natural hazards | typhoons (November to March) | typhoons |
| Natural resources | NEGL | fish, arable land |
| Net migration rate | - | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY]; Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN [Teariki HEATHER]; Demo Party Tumu [Robert WOONTON] | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 21,388 (July 2005 est.) | 2,134 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | NA | 0.5% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Avatiu | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh Day Saint 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census) | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | NA | NA |
| Suffrage | NA years of age; universal adult | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex
domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 6,200 (2002) | 376 (1991) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 1,500 (2002) | 0 (1991) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (outer islands receive satellite broadcasts) (2004) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2005 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | 13% (1996) | NA% |
| Waterways | - | none |
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